On top of each was one of their 3D insect models. After a short period of teaching the tits that flies advertised a treat while wasps advertised wasted time, the birds readily separated even convincing fly mimics from wasps. They found that the birds associated the real flies with food and the real wasps with less likelihood of reward. After food reward training, they timed how long it took for the chicks’ to attack or examine the insect models. Under those higher stakes conditions, birds in reality might be less willing to approach wasp mimics than they were in the experiments.