Nonetheless, a small but determined group of Indian builders is starting to shape the country’s AI future. For example, Sarvam AI has created OpenHathi-Hi-v0.1, an open-source Hindi language model that shows the Indian AI field’s growing ability to address the country’s vast linguistic diversity. Pragna-1B, the multilingual model from Upperwal, is more evidence that India could solve for its own linguistic complexity. This performance was particularly marked in Hindi and Gujarati, where global models often underperform because of limited multilingual training data. Krutrim-2 is attempting to solve India’s specific problems of linguistic diversity, low-quality data, and cost constraints.