It’s reflected in rising calls for US protectionism, President Trump’s broad tariffs on imported goods, and nostalgia for the lost days of domestic manufacturing glory. The impacts of the original China shock still scar much of the country. But Autor is now concerned about what he considers a far more urgent problem—what some are calling China shock 2.0. Recently, I asked Autor about the lingering impacts of the China shock and the lessons it holds for today's manufacturing challenges. How are the impacts of the China shock still playing out?