There is no memory safety without thread safetyMemory safety is all the rage these days. Breaking memory safety with a data raceMy main issue with the division of safety into fine-grained classes such as memory safety and thread safety is that there’s no meaningful sense in which a thread-unsafe language provides memory safety. type Int struct { val int } func ( s * Int ) get () int { return s . val } type Ptr struct { val * int } func ( s * Ptr ) get () int { return * s . And yes, Java does allow data races, but the Java developers spent a lot of effort to ensure that even programs with data races remain entirely well-defined.