Across India, 118 million adult women in 12 states now receive unconditional cash transfers from their governments, making India the site of one of the world's largest and least-studied social-policy experiments. The recent wave of unconditional cash transfers targets adult women, with some states acknowledging their unpaid domestic and care work. By 2024, pledges of women-focused cash transfers helped deliver victories to political parties in Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Odisha, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh. In the recent elections in Bihar, the political power of cash transfers was on stark display. Across India, unconditional cash transfers are reaching tens of millions of women on a regular basis.