Ross testified that he needed 33 stitches due to his injuries; Muñoz-Guatemala was later convicted of assault on a federal officer with a dangerous weapon. At trial, prosecutors sought to establish that Muñoz-Guatemala understood that Ross was a federal law enforcement officer during their initial interaction. Under questioning from Newmark, Ross conceded it was “fair to say” he had not previously made this claim. The question came up again as Newmark cross-examined Medellin, an FBI special agent who took part in the operation under Ross’ leadership. Medellin testified that Muñoz-Guatemala—whose English he described as limited, and for whom the court provided an interpreter during the two-day trial—had asked Ross repeatedly who he was.