2 As of 2025–2026, the pendulum has swung, and AI opportunity, not AI risk, is driving many political decisions. As of 2025–2026, the pendulum has swung, and AI opportunity, not AI risk, is driving many political decisions. The level of AI that raises civilizational concerns for me is the powerful AI that I described in Machines of Loving Grace. All of this may sound far-fetched, but misaligned behaviors like this have already occurred in our AI models during testing (as they occur in AI models from every other major AI company). I would even argue that in some cases, large-scale surveillance with powerful AI, mass propaganda with powerful AI, and certain types of offensive uses of fully autonomous weapons should be considered crimes against humanity.