Despite their popularity, for their seemingly helpless-looking eyes and flat faces, short-skulled (or brachycephalic) dogs like the French bulldog often have serious difficulty breathing. The study examined the risk of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in 14 short-skulled dog breeds. Pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs are the most well-known and studied brachycephalic breeds, but there are several other dog breeds that could face these same issues. Pekingese had a rate of BOAS similar to bulldogs, with only 11 percent of pekingese dogs breathing freely. Understanding the differences and pinpointing key risk factors could help scientists develop more targeted and effective strategies to help dogs at risk.