Some of this memory loss is normal—it’s just a natural side effect of your brain healthily aging. However, neurodegenerative conditions can cause a more severe form of memory loss called dementia, where patients progressively lose their ability to communicate, problem solve, and think clearly. But now, experts believe memory loss and symptoms from conditions like Alzheimer’s disease may be reversible. Using a variety of tests, including a water maze, the team determined that the OSK therapy restored memory in multiple areas of the brain. For instance, after treatment memory performance in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus—a region of the brain associated with learning and short-term memory—returned to levels similar to younger control groups.